The Universe as a statement of Information, ourselves as a line of probability

This is from a previous post, but with the photos inserted in the right place. It is rough, but it what I am working on. 

1. Proposition 1.

The Universe is not a place, it is a statement of information, using mathematics. Its physical laws are really laws of information and it is symmetrical through time and space, though at local levels it may not appear so.

2. Proposition 2

It's basic shape is a circle of information created by the following simple equation (hereafter "the equation")

If x= 0, y= 1

If y= 0, x= 1

If x= 1, -x= -1

If y= 1, -y= -1

Our first task is to draw an x, y axis:

Using the equation we are going to build up a topological map. This is a not a map of places, it is a map of relationships. It is a system map. Think about the London Underground map. It doesn't tell you where the stations are, it tells you which station connects to which. It tells you how the system works. It is a map of states.

So the first statement we can make is:

t is πr2 with r being one unit of information. It builds up complex information about itself by sharing information with its opposite point on the circle.

I am going to be talking predominantly about a two dimensional Universe here as it is easier to draw. Four our Universe in 3d, just make squares cubes and circles spheres. Its the same maths.

Proposition 3.

We can only make statements of probability with the equation, but we can layer these over dimensions

Look at the equation. With one or two dimensions you couldn't make a statement of information, just one of probability. However with three dimensions any point which is drawn around the zero co-ordinate must be three of: 0,1, 1,0, 0,-1, -1,0. Imagine it as points on an axis joined by over three dimensions.

Imagine looking down the diagonal line and drawing a circle that use the co-ordinates of all three x,y axes. Using the equation you would be able to draw a point on ,1,0, one at 1,0 and the other would have to be one of the -1 co-ordinates. As long as the equation holds for all three dimensions. A circle over three dimensions is a sphere.

So what we need is a third dimensional sphere to make a 2 dimensional map. I am going to draw a circle around the axis and a square joining the co-ordinates 0,1 and -1. Now imagine that you can view that square from any angle of the sphere (ignoring depth perception). The diagonals of the square are simply the r that makes πr3.

Like so:

You can think of it as a 3 dimensional sphere flattened into a 2 dimensional circle, from all directions of the cube inside. If that is confusing, imagine it is a hologram flashing out light in four directions to make 4 flat circles:

Now we can say for certainty that any point we draw on a flat 2d sphere must have a point on the opposite side of the sphere directly opposite it. And it's neighbours would be 90 degrees as well. Each circle is built around the same zero co-ordinate, the information in an infinite mathematical loop.

We can say this for certain because it is a system map written on a 2 dimensional flat surface, but using the co-ordinate of a three dimensional sphere. All information is symmetrical around the zero co-ordinate. This still isn't about statements of place, rather statements of information. It is not about time or place, but states.

Conclusion: to be able to make the most basic statement about itself using the equation the Universe needs to 'lose' one dimension as an information carrier. Therefore a three dimensional universe would feel like it was a two dimensional one.

What we are going to do is this: use the information we can state about a circle to input into the system as a whole and make statements of increasing complexity about each circle all of which apply to all circles and to the system as a whole.

When I draw a circle it is a circle of statements that must apply to all circles, those at 90, 180 and 270 degrees.

That sounds complicated but I will attempt to show you with the most basic steps. Using the equation over 3 dimensions we can turn probability into definitive statements of information as long as we 'sacrifice one dimension for information.

Definitive statement one:

Any point on one circle appears at 180 degrees on the circle opposite and at 90 and 270 degrees on the circle neighbouring.

What the system knows therefore, is that it cannot make a definitive statement to place, but there must be any point on the circle which is reflected at 90, 180 and 270 degrees on the other circles. It knows that this applies to each circle.

Definitive statement two

Each circle contains a statement of information of certainty of existence, but 25% probability as to place. We will draw this by a circle with a dot.

This is also the internationally recognised symbol for a hydrogen atom. You can think of the Universe's most basic atom as its most basic statement of information.

Proposition four:

Atoms are the most basic statements of information the Universe can make at its smallest scale. Atoms are made up of fundamental particles such as quarks, but the information structure they use is the same, quantum mechanics and probability. Atoms are also a reflection on statements the Universe can make itself on the largest scale too.

What are these basic statements?

1. It has to exist and it is infinite
2. It is made predominantly of hydrogen
3. It is made by dividing by two then feeding that information back on itself to create four identical information maps
4. It is made equally of matter and antimatter. Both sides thinking the opposite is antimatter

Those might seem controversial, but using our definition of the Universe as information, matter and antimatter are simply the same information reversed and totalling zero.

You can think of it as both the whole system dividing itself and the heaviest elements needing more loops to make more definitive statements. Look at the next most abundant element, helium:

You can think of that as the system with the equation at 90 degrees to the first loop, ie not merely reflecting the first equation, but adding complexity to it, a reflection of a reflection. In other words think of the system as building up information loop by loop. The more loops it takes, the heavier the atom, the less likely it is in our Universe.

It is also possible to think of it this way: if the basic statement of hydrogen was certainty of existence traded with probability of place, the more heavy elements are most certain of place, yet less likely of existence. It is information as a whole trading places in mathematical unity.

Hydrogen can be thought of as an answer to the question the Universe asks, if I exist, what am I made of?

If we are true to our first proposition that the Universe is a statement of information, it is essential to view that information from all angles. Here is the known chemical makeup of the Universe:

Here are a few of the next heavier elements, carbon and lithium:

ou can see the same basic process applies. Think of the Universe as a statement of information and we can build it up from the largest statements and the smallest and build an accurate picture of what we actually find in physics and chemistry.

Do we have our first definitive statements. What can we do with them?

Well, lets look at our most basic piece of information:

What we can now do is this: If the statements we built up are symmetrical in scale, as well as using the equation to provide us with enough certainty to create a hydrogen atom, we can also there say that there are four hydrogen atoms in a system too. Four separate atoms for each circle.

Each hydrogen atom shares the same property and can in effect be said to be the same piece of information viewed at a different angle. Each atom will be very simply probabilistic, the same way hydrogen atoms in our Universe are. But each hydrogen atom must not be in the same place as its partner atoms. It that way it is also deterministic.

As far as each circle went each atom would seem to have no rhyme or reason as to where it appeared. However the system would know that they appeared in an ordered manner depending on the behaviour of the other circles.

Furthermore the system could also trace the line of probabilities of each to start to put together something we recognise – time.

As long as each of those circles start off at opposite points on the circle, each one of them can trace a line of probability around the circle like the hour hand on a clock, like so:

Now, this might not seem much but is the beginning of our true understanding of time.

Each atom, a probabilistic statement of information, exists in a larger system with its opposite. Using a third dimension of probability as information we have looped up statements of fact until we built the first atom, hydrogen. Because the system is linked we then create four atoms. Using the system as a whole we can trace a line of probability that allows each atom to exist in a form of time we can understand. The idea of orbital movement.

Point to note: this is not time, this is not movement. This is a line of probability traced around a mathematical singularity. Nothing actually moves as yet, for that we need more information.

However we are starting to bridge the gap between quantum mechanics and classical physics. The first hydrogen atoms is a simplistic statement of probability. Using the system as a whole we have shown that somewhere in the simplistic statement of probability lies what we can recognise, a line of probability that resembles the motion of a clock, or an orbit and a distinct definite atom following it.

So, if we can say that a line of probability resembles an orbit and that each of these atoms could be said as orbiting a singularity, we must be a able to say that in fact does happen. The line of probability is now a statement of fact, as long as one admits that it is just one line of probability. Among all the probabilities of what each atom will do must lie a regular clockwise orbit.

We now have four proto-universes. (When I use universe with a small 'u' I am referring to the 2d universe on the circle. When I use a capital 'U', it is the system as a whole).

Each atom would have no idea of the other atoms and would think it the only one in its universe. It would think it is orbiting a singularity eternally and would have no idea of other lines of probability. It as mathematically correct to say it is the same atom viewed from four angles of the singularity. It is also mathematically correct to say it is a single piece of information looping the singularity and creating more complex geometric shapes.

How did we go from a diagram of the first atom to the first atom doing something?

Remember it is a statement of information looping back on itself to create more and more information. At its core is the simple equation. Mathematically that is all that is happening and the sense of an atom of matter and antimatter, then the idea that it does anything are all just illusions, mere lines of probability. It is a system of information powered by a timeless equation. But that being said it is as equally real as all the other lines of probability too.

How we got here:

1. We set up the proposition that the Universe was a statement of information, not place
2. We used a simple mathematical formula that is valid over any number system imaginable
3. We created a three dimensional map, 'losing' one dimension as an information carrier
4. We used statements of probability to make a statement of fact over four circles
5. We looped that information to create the first atom, which was a statement of existence
6. That information is consistent with the chemical makeup of the Universe on a large scale
7. We used the probabilistic nature of the atom and the unity of the system as a whole to create 4 atoms that used probability to move in an orbit around a mathematical singularity
8. This movement is the first steps in our understanding of time – motion around an orbit

So, if we take the basic premise that the Universe is a system of information you can see that if you look at this diagram, what we are trying to do is use what we know already to build up more complex levels of understanding.

So, the next thing we do is build up more complexity

Remembering that each universe must reflect the other three, we can say that each atom must reflect the other three as well. Each atom is made of information from all four. Each atom thinks it is two dimensional but is made of information from three. Each atom will follow the course of a clock around a singularity and experience the third dimensional information as angular movement, or spin. As far as each atom is concerned its opposite antimatter element has exactly the opposite spin and travels in the orbit the reverse direction.

Definitive statement three

All atoms will experience the same sensations. All atoms will spin as an inherent quality. All atoms will spin and orbit around the singularity eternally. Each atom is essentially the same piece of information projected out in four directions.

Nothing changes at this level of understanding. But the system is knowledge as a whole and can take information from all circles to feedback more complexity.

Proposition five

To create more complexity the system must organise itself with new information with which it can loop feedback further. It needs to create a boundary condition, a beginning and an end and both must be informationally symmetrical. This will be hard because it is also an infinite loop.

What the system does is this:

1. Create a start point that is both a beginning and infinite
2. Create an end point that is also an end and infinite
3. Create a statement of each small universe that is consistent with these two requirements, but which is consistent over each universe and the system as a whole

At this point, I would like to state this. When I say the system needs to create, I am really saying within the system intelligent life needs to develop to understand the system in this way. I am not presupposing a design or intention on the part of the system as a whole. As I have said before, at its basic reality this is a mathematical singularity. It is information looping forward understood by intelligent life putting it together from first principles.

We will create a fabric which is common to all four universes – spacetime. To do this, it must reflect all the information taken as a whole. It must:

1. Have a start in time but be infinite in space
2. Seem to start off infinitely small but get infinitely big
3. Establish a method by which information can be seen to have been created by the singularity and then destroyed by it.
4. Create a method like Hawking radiation whereby the singularity emits all the information it appeared to destroy
5. Contain information that is weakly interacts in each universe, which reflects the matter and energy of the other universes too. (Dark matter, dark energy).
6. Seem to be getting bigger because of this force to reflect all the other universes starting off smaller
7. Be homogeneous and isotropic, as it is information looping again and again through space and time
8. Eventually contain multiple singularities which are reflection upon reflection of the original singularity

To give you an example, if we think of our original map of the sphere:

The green areas will weakly interact and the red area will be information acting in reverse. It is easier to show you by illustration:

So, each small circular universe will contain information going two ways and will have information that weakly interacts in each universe. The system as a whole is still symmetrical, however. The small black triangle will use the information of its sister universes to create the large black triangle, with more information. Then then process starts again. This is an infinite process.

If we return to our original simple information system of a hydrogen atom around a singularity, we can examine how it works.

1. A singularity will seem to spit out a pair of atoms, one real, one virtual. The virtual atom will be swallowed by the singularity
2. The atom will orbit the singularity then return to be sucked in itself
3. The singularity will slowly emit Hawking radiation until all the information that was swallowed from both atoms is released by the singularity
4. This process repeats infinitely for all four universes, seeming to get bigger with more atoms and more singularities
5. In effect though, while it seems to get bigger, what is happening is the information is looping more. It is the same equation looping constantly around a mathematical singularity. No information ever gets destroyed, although each universe will feel it is a one off event.

So, the important thing to note is that compared to matter this seems like a creation and a destruction, as far as information is concerned this is four separate pieces of information understood as a whole.

So how does an infinite process create spacetime? By the same method we were able to create the orbit. Probability.

Spacetime is the fabric of the course of probability the atom is not in, given we are only concerned with the line of clockwise motion.

Think of it this way: if the singularity is regarded as the boundary condition as both ends, then the hydrogen atom's position at 90 degrees is the furthest the atom can be from beginning and end. Spacetime will be stretched most at this point. It will move closer to the singularity at 180 degrees only to move away again at 270. Finally at 360 degrees the atom will seem to enter the singularity.

Proposition six:

Space and time are measures of probability using the boundary condition of a mathematical singularity. In an infinitely expanding Universe, measurement that is not done locally is meaningless without these boundary conditions. This information is what gives the Universe shape and change.

So, a round orbit gets stretched into an elliptical one:

What happens basically is that this process continues, again and again until our 2d universe looks exactly how we see our 3d one. The four atoms become 8, the 8 become 16 and so on. Infinitely increasing infinitely, expanding. The universe become more chaotic but the system is basically comparing universes with their opposite. As the information loops it gets reflected on itself, creating more and more matter.

As more matter is created it will now appear to orbital as a spiral galaxy does around a black hole.

At its basic heart is the probabilistic nature of the atom and the deterministic nature of the system as a whole. Over a long enough rotation each universe becomes very like our own.

Except: our Universe is infinite. It didn't need to start the mathematics from zero to complexity. There always has been complexity. It is an illusion of time that we had to start from first principles. It is us working backward. The Universe never needed to do that.

There is no start or end to an infinite process. Rather there is intelligent life working its way back to the original mathematical singularity.

This is how we see the Universe:

We see ourselves as being part of a Universe that started with a singularity, which was infinitely small and was the start of time. We see the Universe as expanding in all directions and most physicists believe it will end with nothing but black holes slowing emitting Hawking radiation.

The equation is our Universe.

So, starting off with the proposition that the Universe is not a place, rather a statement of information, we created a model using a simple four line mathematical law that firstly allowed us to make statements of probability. Our model then showed that those statements of probability could be layered to produce a model that appears very similar to our own. Starting from simple mathematical first principles.

So, let's explain a few laws:

1. Gravity – the bend of spacetime caused by the sharing of information of four components of probability. The bigger an object the more gravity, the more bend it causes the fabric of spacetime. Bigger means more probable, long lived means more probable. When a star becomes a black hole it become an infinite curvature in spacetime. It shares that quality with the other three universes.

Remember this, the original orbit and the spacetime around it were just one line of probabilities. As far as the mathematics goes, it has no inherent preference for whichever probability. The hydrogen atom was a statement of certainty of existence but probability as to position.

Gravity is the force of cohesion required by information which experiences probability as time stretched back to a boundary condition.

Information does not experience probability as time. We experience probability of time. We measure certainties of the past to make guesses of the probabilities of the future.

Gravity is both the force which is necessary to create a Universe, but also the force of expectation by which life experiences a definitive path through probability and calls that time It is both the force of cohesion in probability and the bend in spacetime caused by 'emptying' spacetime of other probabilities. It creates a bend because it shares that pull with its antimatter twin. They are, remember, the same information going in other directions.

It is hard to talk about gravity without invoking the anthropic principle. As far as atoms are concerned they have no inherent preference for a course in probability. They exist in all them. It is our experience as time as a definite course of probability that causes probabilities to experience shape, then gravity. It is the expectation that second will follow second, year follow year that makes us experience gravity.

2. The 2^nd Law of Thermodynamics
   In this model is is simply the transfer of information from one system to another. Each universe has a Big Bang and a heat death. Each universe is increasing in complexity to infinity. How can it do this? Because each universe includes a boundary condition at the start and the end

Each universe contains the weakly interacting information of the other three, so it seems to expand. As it expands the number of geometric shapes available to the equation decreases and all the stars move away from each other leaving a cold, barren universe. This is compatible with the 2^nd law expressed as to entropy.

The Poincare recurrence theorem states that certain systems will, with enough time, return to very close to their initial state. It is our bias that everything that happens in the Universe must be seen prevents us from realising that this is true of our Universe too. The Big Bang was not an event as such rather a mathematical singularity, the very idea of a Universe is built around that core.

While entropy seems like an irreversible process, it is in fact information simply ordering itself first one way, then the other.

3. Time
   The idea of motion at all is simply a course around a mathematical equation. Motion requires a life form to experience time, Universes require life. Otherwise they exist simply as quantum states.

The noble award-winning physicist, Richard Feynman, formulated his famous Feyman diagram in which particles propagate either forward or backward in time.

Time is a construct in our Universe of four pieces of information, thinking they are three. It is simply a plot through probability, using the certainty of the past – and the Big Bang, the most certain event we can rely on – to plot a course through the probabilities of the future.

Time is four planes of information, two going forward, two going back and the interaction of all four to create the illusion of a three dimensional being with a past.

It is then the construction of one final element marrying this information together, spacetime. Spacetime is the construction of one seemingly linear totality, but which is in fact a looping construct for information.

Albert Einstein believed that time was an illusion, although a convincing one. To him all of space and all of time were one thing.

Here is how I believe the Universe is constructed.

At exactly one point in all four of these information planes is the information identical – the 'present'.

In an universe of 'antimatter' – which I have earlier propounded is just the same information reflected backward – anything you have done would only make sense if time moved backward too. This is why I believe time is a composite of different information.

So, where would the other two elements of time come from? These are in the weakly interacting composites I have mentioned. Dark matter and dark energy. As we see Dark Matter and Dark Energy growing we are reading the information of another Universe travelling the other direction in time.

4. Quantum Fields
   In our Universe I believe there are four quantum fields, each relaying information both ways. In our current understanding we cannot remove ourselves from time, so we perceive these as three fields, but add the fourth as angular movement or spin. Fundamental particles as per the Standard model are basically mathematical co-ordinates and spin. They are not 'made' of anything else. They are numbers only.

It is my contention that we are not made up of fluctuations of three fields, but rather the mathematical difference of four fields with information flowing both ways.

We experience this as three directions of space and one of time.

The reason for the divide between classical physics and quantum mechanics is that everything we see, everything we are lies in a cohesive line in those fields. It is one information system, among many probabilities. We live in those probabilities, made real by the simple equation I outlined earlier.

It is what makes matter and antimatter, and dark energy and dark matter.

The standard model of particle physics is comprised of 16 particles. And the Higgs Boson particle.

I contend that these particles are merely representations of four quantum fields.

The Higgs Boson particle is the mediator between all four probabilities. It is what ties the matter and antimatter versions of ourselves together. I content the Higgs Boson actually exists in the third, squashed dimension that we lost to make informational statements in our earlier 2d model.

When physicists measure the vacuum, they find that it is teeming with pairs of virtual particles that collide with themselves to annihilate. I believe this process reflects the fact that what we perceive as the Universe is a construction of information viewed from four angles and appreciated by being who interpret that as three dimensions of space and one of time.

The reason atoms de-cohere when from their probabilistic nature to become building blocks of what we see in the classical or macro world is not observation. It is we are an ordered information system in those atoms themselves. Everything we see, the Universe, is simply a plot of information based on a simple four line piece of mathematics, but which can trace its existence back to the mathematical singularity that created it. It does that through us.

When we see an atom in its raw probabilistic state, we see in those probabilities time and space.

 Time and space do not exist outside them inherently.

5. String Theory
   One of the most popular theories around in physics is m-theory that posits the Universe is made of 11 dimensional 'branes' or strings.

I content that this theory is completely compatible with this idea with the following proviso: eight of the branes are merely four branes looping information.

I believe the Universe is comprised this:

1. Four pieces of information on a field or excitations on a brane (four)
2. Going two ways (eight)
3. Information from these collected into a two dimensional whole
4. Then made into one unit by reversing the information of its opposite and using that to measure time

Going back to our 2d Universe:

We used 3 dimensions both ways to make our first information. We added the virtual particle and the Hawking radiation to make both Universes the same informationally backwards and forwards. We then add the same information from the circles at 90 and 270 degrees to get one informational whole. Total for a 2d Universe? 9 dimensions.

In our Universe it would be 11. It is possible to make them 11 separate 'branes', but much more elegant mathematically to make them 8 versions of the same brane.

5. The Holographic Universe
   Given that matter at its heart seems to be made of nothing, and given that Black holes do indeed radiate information, there is a theory that the Universe is not 3d, rather it is a hologram encoded on the boundary condition of a singularity.

Again I contend that this idea is mathematically more elegant. The Universe isn't encoded in the event boundary of a Black hole, rather a projection of the first mathematical singularity itself. It is there where we live. We are information which believes it is three dimensional. In fact, all along we are intelligence which is looping around a system and the Universe is a reflection upon a reflection of our existence.

I contend that for our matter world, and time itself, to work the way we think it does there would need to be four versions of ourselves, each surround by millions, if not billions, of years. Furthermore each versions sees, hears, thinks and acts like all the others.

More mathematically elegant, although less intuitive I grant, is to suggest we are beings orbiting the singularity, made from the singularity and our experience is simply a part our our evolution.

6. The Many Worlds Interpretation
   In 1957 High Everett posited the idea that reality was not a single unfolding history, rather a many-branched tree, wherein every possible quantum outcome is realised. He said that the Schrodinger wave equation did not collapse, rather each possible quantum outcome found itself in a separate state.

This theory is completely compatible with this idea. In fact, as I have earlier posited, time itself is merely a branch of probability traced back to the boundary condition of the Big Bang. As a consequence of this we must conclude that other probabilities exist and that in some of those will be people who regard that branch of probabilities as a timeline too.

7. The Standard Model
   In particle physics, as mentioned is a model of 16 fundamental particles and the Higgs Boson. Currently particle physicists at CERN are attempting to find out the source of dark matter. One of the most discussed theories is supersymmetry, whereby each fundamental particle has a dark matter counterpart. In this model that is in fact the case, although it is the weakly interacting matter composite of all four universes or circles.

So, to recap:

We treat the Universe as information, we 'lose' one dimension as an information medium and we use four composite views to build up information, then break that down to two statements, then a final composite statement that reflects all four. This seems intuitive, but it leads to a theory which unites the following:

1. The Holographic Universe theory
2. Classical physics and quantum mechanics
3. The 11 dimensional Universe of string theory
4. Supersymmetry and dark matter and dark energy
5. The Many Worlds Theory

As far as I know there are no other theories out there that do this.